Tag Archives: gnome-clang

Berlin DX hackfest and Clang

Last week I was in Berlin at the GNOME DX hackfest. My goal for the hackfest was to do further work on the fledgling gnome-clang, and work out ways of integrating it into GNOME. There were several really fruitful discussions about GIR, static analysis, Clang ASTs, and integration into Builder which have really helped flesh out my plans for gnome-clang.

The idea we have settled on is to use static analysis more pervasively in the GNOME build process. I will be looking into setting up a build bot to do static analysis on all GNOME modules, with the dual aims of catching bugs and improving the static analyser. Eventually I hope the analysis will become fast enough and accurate enough to be enabled on developers’ machines — but that’s a while away yet.

(For those who have no idea what gnome-clang is: it’s a plugin for the Clang static analyser I’ve been working on, which adds GLib- and GObject-specific checks to the static analysis process.)

One key feature I was working on throughout the hackfest was support for GVariant format string checking, which has now landed in git master. This will automatically check variadic parameters against a static GVariant format string in calls to g_variant_new(), g_variant_get() and other similar methods.

For example, this can statically catch when you forget to add one of the elements:

/*
 * Expected a GVariant variadic argument of type ‘int’ but there wasn’t one.
 *         floating_variant = g_variant_new ("(si)", "blah");
 *                                           ^
 */
{
	floating_variant = g_variant_new ("(si)", "blah");
}

Or the inevitable time you forget the tuple brackets:

/*
 * Unexpected GVariant format strings ‘i’ with unpaired arguments. If using multiple format strings, they should be enclosed in brackets to create a tuple (e.g. ‘(si)’).
 *         floating_variant = g_variant_new ("si", "blah", 56);
 *                                           ^
 */
{
	floating_variant = g_variant_new ("si", "blah", 56);
}

After Zeeshan did some smoketesting of it (and I fixed the bugs he found), I think gnome-clang is ready for slightly wider usage. If you’re interested, please install it and try it out! Instructions are on its home page. Let me know if you have any problems getting it running — I want it to be as easy to use as possible.

Another topic I discussed with Ryan and Christian at the hackfest was the idea of a GMainContext visualiser and debugger. I’ve got some ideas for this, and will hopefully find time to work on them in the near future.

Huge thanks to Chris Kühl and Endocode for the use of their offices and their unrivalled hospitality. Thanks to the GNOME Foundation for kindly sponsoring my accommodation; and thanks to my employer, Collabora, for letting me take community days to attend the hackfest.

Developer experience hackfest 2014

Here in sunny Berlin, progress is being made on documentation, developer tools, and Club Mate. I’ve heard rumours of plans for an updated GTK+ data model and widgets. The documentationists are busy alternating between massaging and culling documentation pages. There are excited discussions about the possibilities created by Builder.

I’ve been keeping working on gnome-clang, and have reached a milestone with GVariant error checking:

gvariant-test.c:10:61: error: [gnome]: Expected a GVariant variadic argument of type ‘char *’ but saw one of type ‘guint’.
        some_variant = g_variant_new ("(sss)", "hello", my_string, a_little_int_short_and_stout);
                                                                   ^

More details coming soon, once I’ve tidied it all up and committed it.

A GNOME Foundation sponsorship badge.

Clang plugin for GLib and GNOME

This past week, I’ve been working on a Clang plugin for GLib and GNOME, with the aim of improving static analysis of GLib-based C projects by integrating GIR metadata and assumptions about common GLib and GObject coding practices. The idea is that if running Clang for static analysis on a project, the plugin will suppress common GLib-based false positives and emit warnings for common problems which Clang wouldn’t previously have known about. Using it should be as simple as enabling scan-build, with the appropriate plugin, in your JHBuild configuration file.

I’m really excited about this project, which I’m working on as R&D at Collabora. It’s still early days, and the project has a huge scope, but so far I have a Clang plugin with two major features. It can:

  • Load GIR metadata ((Actually, it loads the metadata from GIR typelib files, rather than using the source code annotations themselves, so there is a degree of data loss incurred due to the limitations of the typelib binary format.)) and use it to add nonnull attributes based on the presence (or absence) of (allow-none) annotations.
  • Detect g_return_if_fail(), assert(), g_return_val_if_fail() (etc.) preconditions in function bodies and add nonnull attributes if the assertions are non-NULL checks (or are GObject type checks which also assert non-nullability).

Additionally, the plugin can use GIR metadata to add other attributes:

  • Add deprecated attributes based on Deprecated: gtk-doc tags.
  • Add warn_unused_result attributes to functions which have a (transfer container) or (transfer full) return type.
  • Add malloc attributes to functions which are marked as (constructor).
  • Constify the return types of (transfer none) functions which return a pointer type.

By modifying Clang’s abstract syntax tree (AST) for a file while it’s being scanned, the plugin can take advantage of the existing static analysis for NULL propagation to function calls with nonnull attributes, plus its analysis for variable constness, use of deprecated functions, etc.

So far, all the code is in two ‘annotaters’, which modify the AST but don’t emit any new warnings of their own. The next step is to implement some ‘checkers’, which examine (but don’t modify) the AST and emit warnings for common problems. Some of the problems checked for will be similar to those handled above (e.g. warning about a missing deprecated attribute if a function has a Deprecated: gtk-doc tag), but others can be completely new, such as checking that if a function has a GError parameter then it also has a g_return_if_fail(error == NULL || *error == NULL) precondition (or something along those lines).

I’ve got several big ideas for features to add once this initial work is complete, but the next thing to work on is making the plugin effortless to use (or, realistically, nobody will use it). Currently, the plugin is injected by a wrapper script around Clang, e.g.:

cd /path/to/glib/source
GNOME_CLANG_GIRS="GLib-2.0 Gio-2.0" gnome-clang -cc1 -analyze … /files/to/analyse

This injects the -load $PREFIX/lib64/clang/3.5/libclang-gnome.so -add-plugin gnome arguments which load and enable the plugin. By specifying GIR namespaces and versions in GNOME_CLANG_GIRS, those GIRs will be loaded and their metadata used by the plugin.

This can be configured in your ~/.jhbuildrc with:

static_analyzer = True
static_analyzer_template = 'scan-build --use-analyzer=$JHBUILD_PREFIX/bin/gnome-clang -v -o %(outputdir)s/%(module)s'
os.environ['GNOME_CLANG_GIRS'] = 'GLib-2.0 Gio-2.0 GnomeDesktop-3.0'

Please note that it’s alpha-quality code at the moment, and may introduce program bugs if used during compilation, so should only be used with Clang’s -analyze option. Furthermore, it still produces some false positives, so please be cautious about submitting bug reports to upstream projects ‘fixing’ problems detected by static analysis.

The code so far is here: http://cgit.collabora.com/git/gnome-clang.git/ and there’s a primitive website here: http://people.collabora.com/~pwith/gnome-clang/. If you’ve got any ideas, bug reports, patches, or just want to criticise my appalling C++, please e-mail me: philip {at} tecnocode.co(.)uk.